[英文TEST]過去式跟過去進行式分辨的小測驗(2)

1. She is annoying! She (leave, always)______________ her dirty dishes in the sink, I think she
(expect, actually)_________ me to do them for her.

2. Samantha (live) ____________ in Berlin for more than two years. In fact, she (live)______ there when  the Berlin Will came down.

3. The Titanic (cross)___________ the Atlantic when it (strike) _______ an iceberg.

4. When I entered the bazaar, a couple of merchants (bargain, busily)_____________ and (try)_______ to sell their goods  to naive tourists who (hunt)________ for souvenirs.


Answer:
was always leaving
was actually expecting
lived
was living (指柏林圍牆倒下的那段期間)
was crossing (當船正在大西洋航行時)
struck
were bargain busily
trying
were hunting

[英文TEST]過去式跟過去進行式分辨的小測驗(1)

Last night, while I was doing my homework, Ann (call)_____.
She said she (call)_____ me  on her cell phone from her biology classroom.
I asked her if she  (wait)_____ for class, but she said that the professor was at the front the hall lecturing while she (talk)_____ to me.
I couldn't believe she (make) ______ a phone call during the lecture. I asked what was going on.

She said her biology professor was so boring that  several of the students (sleep, actually)__________
in class.
Some of the students (talk) ________ about their plans for the weekend and the student next to her (draw) _________ a picture of a horse.

When Ann (tell)______ me she was not satisfied with  the class, I (mention)________ that my  biology professor was quite good and (suggest)________ that she switch to my class.

While we were talking, I (hear)______ her professor yell,"Miss, are you making a phone call?"
Suddenly, the line went dead. I (hang) ________up the phone and went to the kitchen to make dinner.

 As I (cut) ___________ vegetables for a salad, the phone rang once again. it (be)______Ann.
(正當...)


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Answer:
called
was calling 
was waiting
was talking
was making
actually were sleeping
were talking 
was drawing
told
mentioned
suggested
heard
hung
was cutting
was

[英文句型]形容詞子句之複句

1. 形容詞-單獨修飾名詞

That is a good book.
That book is good.

2. 廣義的形容詞包含了介係詞字群跟子句，放於名詞後面。

That is a good book on philosophy.　這是一本好的哲學書。
                                   ↑介係詞字群

That is a good book that all my friends are reading. 這是一本我朋友都在讀的好書。
                                   ↑形容詞子句

翻譯小技巧:先翻形容詞子句在加上名詞就完成了。 (子句)朋友都在讀的 + (名詞)書

3. 更簡潔的形容詞子句→分詞片語

That is a good book that is written by my favorite author.　這是一本我最愛的作者寫的書。

簡潔化成分詞片語→　That is a good book written by my favorite author.

4. 一整句話修飾一個名詞，就產生了形容詞子句。

你知道那個男人嗎? 以前在這工作的那一個。

Do you know the man? He used to work here.

合併兩句，改成形容詞子句→Do you know the man who used to work here?

告訴我關於你的事。你在巴黎遇到某人的事。

Tell me about you. You met someone in Paris.

併兩句，改成形容詞子句→Tell me about you who met someone in Paris.

我買了一條領帶。一條搭配我套裝的領帶。

I bought a tie.  That matched my suit.

併兩句，改成形容詞子句→I bought a tie that matched my suit. 

我想買一條領帶。一條能搭配我套裝的領帶。

I'd like to buy a tie.  That would matches my suit.

併兩句，改成形容詞子句→I bought a tie that matches my suit. 
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[形容詞子句 中翻英技巧]
句子結構有主詞和動詞可拆分成兩句話，且中文翻譯有『....的』就是形容詞子句，其餘文字為主要字句。 將形容詞子句放置欲解釋的名詞後面即可。

翻譯順序範例：

This information is correct.  I found it on the internet.　
（原本是兩句，後句主要作用是解釋/形容 前句的information，兩句可併成一句）

→This information I found it on the internet is correct.

→This information I found that on the internet is correct.
後句的 it跟 information重複到，使用關係詞 that /which 替換，並放置名詞後面當連接。

→This information that I found on the internet is correct.

轉換成關係詞做連接的時候要考慮：
1. 判斷名詞是『人』、『非人』、『時』、『地』。
2. 如果重複的是主詞，用主格關係詞置換 who,which,that。
3. 如果重複的是受詞，用受格關係詞置換 who,which,that。
4. 如果是所有格用whose代換。

	人	非人	時間	地方
關係詞+動詞	who, that	That, which
關係詞+主詞+動詞	Who(m),that	That, which	When	When
介係詞+關係詞	whom	which	In/on/at which	In/on/at which
所有格關係詞+名詞	whose	whose

[ 英文句型 ] 複句-副詞子句表達某種方式或狀態(as 的用法)

1.  as :用...的方式
Do in Rome as the Romans do.
(在羅馬做任何事要像個羅馬人=入境隨俗)

Treat others as you want to be treated.
(用自己想被對待的方式去對待其他人=己所不欲，勿施於人)

2. as...as : 等於or比較的意思

[比較的例句]
I visit my parents as often as I can. <比較的東西是常態> 
可以探訪我父母我會常去。
這句話可以拆成: 
(1) I visit my parents often.(真的常去看父母)
(2) I can visit my parents often. (如果可以常去)

The ex-Olympic athlete doesn't run as fast as she did. <比較的東西是快> 
這句話可以拆成: 
(1) The ex-Olympic athlete doesn't run fast. (這個前奧林匹克選手現在真的跑不快)
(2) She ran fast. (她以前跑很快)


[等同的例句]
John runs fast as a Olympic athlete as dose.
John 跑的跟奧林匹克選手一樣快。

3.  as if ; as though :好似...；彷彿...
[機率100% ] 動詞時態正常
The car in front looks as if it's going to break down. Lat's stay away from it.
那台前面的車看起來好像要拋錨了，趕緊離它遠一點吧。

[機率不高～25% ?] 動詞故意用錯誤時態 (表說謊般的誇飾)
The little boy ate *dish after dish of ice cream. He looked as if he were going to burst.
那男孩吃了*一盤又一盤的冰淇淋. 他看起來就好像快撐爆了。

[機率0%] 時態前後不一 (表說謊般的誇飾)
My cousin Margaret talks as if she were the queen of England. 
我表妹瑪格莉特說自己就好似英國女王。

Her hair looks as if a firecracker burst in it.
她的頭髮看起來就像被爆竹炸到一樣。

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[ 咖哩真的焦了 ]

This curry tastes as it is burned. (食物被火燒焦要用被動句)

[ 咖哩像是焦了 ]

This curry tastes as if it were burned. 

[心理保健] [筆記整理]TED影片-為何我們都需要情緒急救

十分受用的一個影片，偶爾忘記這些心理保健的重要性，這個影片是個很好的提醒。

整理了這個TED影片的心得，節省大家時間：

【身體保健與心理保健同等重要】

我們通常認為身體的健康大於精神的健康，舉個例子來說，我們會對一個憂鬱症患者說，別去鑽牛角尖，不要想就好了。

但是我們不會對一個雙腳殘疾的人說，你的腳仍然還在，只要站起來走就好了。

這是多殘忍的一個說法。

我們都知道保持身體健康與牙齒健康的重要性，但是卻時常忽略保持精神上的健康，我們應該要消除這種精神與身體健康的區別對待，就像雙胞胎一樣看待他們。

有三件事，是我們容易忽略，並且沒有好好處置的心理創傷：

【孤獨】

孤獨導致嚴重的心理創傷，它使我們以為周遭的人不再在乎我們，它使我們不敢與人連絡，
但孤獨是主觀判定，你選擇性的在情緒上或是交際上與周遭相隔絕，一切取決於你是否認為自己是孤獨的。孤獨不僅讓你覺得自己很淒慘，而且還可能致命。甚至影響你的免疫系統讓你更容易罹上疾病，增加高血壓的風險。孤獨並不是唯一會扭曲並且誤導我們的心理創傷，失敗也有同樣的效果。

【看待失敗】

一但我們認定了一件事情就很難改觀，特別是面對失敗。

哪怕是經歷一次失敗，我們都不願意再去嘗試，這就是為什麼許多人無法發揮他們的潛能。我們的想法與感覺，並不是那麼能信任的朋友，他時常支持你，但是也很常讓你不愉快，他們更像是情緒化的朋友。在你失敗的時候，對你冷嘲熱諷，這哪是好朋友會做的事情呢？　但是我們卻時常這樣殘酷的對自己。當你手被割傷的時候，你不會拿刀繼續戳傷口，看看能戳多深，但是我們對待自己的自尊心卻是用打擊的方式來證明自己是個失敗的人，在你難過失意的時候，像真正的好朋友那樣關心對待自己，保護自己的自尊心。

【事後回想】

最常見又不健康的習慣就是事後回想，發生任何不愉快的事情，在你的腦海中播放好幾天，這樣的舉動很容易變成習慣，這個習慣代價很大，可能會導致憂鬱症、飲食失調、酗酒。

就像是成癮一般，反覆回味那些事情的需求就會變得越來越大。面對這樣的負面情緒，我會強迫自己去轉移注意力，只要兩分鐘，就會完全改變你的心情。

孤獨的時候，採取行動。

改變對待失敗的反應。

保護自己的自尊心。

跟你的負面想法戰鬥。

你不僅可以治癒心理創傷，還能建立情緒的回復能力，變得更強。過去身體保健只花１０年就延長了人類50%的壽命，相信開始注重精神上的保健，我們的生活質量也會同樣提高。

如果世界少了一些孤獨和憂鬱，如果人們知道該怎麼走出失敗的陰影，如果能更理解這些友善對待自己的方式，相信人們一定可以活得更幸福更健康。